Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2011 (vol. 47), Special Issue
Wheat science into the 21st century - challenges and opportunities
H.-J. Braun
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S1-S2 | DOI: 10.17221/3246-CJGPB 
N.I. Vavilov's theory of centres of diversity in the light of current understanding of wheat diversity, domestication and evolution
J. DVORAK, M.-C. LUO, E.D. AKHUNOV
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S20-S27 | DOI: 10.17221/3249-CJGPB
N.I. Vavilov hypothesized that the geographical centres of diversity of crops indicate their geographical centres of origin. Vavilov's conclusions about the geographical origins of einkorn, durum and common wheat agree well with current population and molecular genetic studies when macro-geography is used but agree poorly when they are examined at higher resolution. We examined the causes of such disagreements for tetraploid emmer wheat and hexaploid common and club wheat. Molecular studies suggest that emmer was domesticated in the Diyarbakir region in south-eastern Turkey. Nucleotide diversity of wild emmer in the Diyarbakir region estimated earlier...
New breeding tools impact Canadian commercial farmer fields
R.M. DePAUW, R.E. KNOX, D.G. HUMPHREYS, J.B. THOMAS, S.L. FOX, P.D. BROWN, A.K. SINGH, C. POZNIAK, H.S. RANDHAWA, D.B. FOWLER, R.J. GRAF, P. HUCL
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S28-S34 | DOI: 10.17221/3250-CJGPB
The high cost of cultivar development encourages efficiencies to reduce time and costs to develop cultivars. Doubled haploid (DH) technology and marker assisted breeding (MAB) are two such tools that improve efficiencies. Since 1997, twenty five wheat cultivars in seven market classes, developed using DH methods, have been registered by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. These DH cultivars accounted for more than one third of the Canadian wheat acreage in 2009. The DH cultivar Lillian, eligible for grades of Canada Western Red Spring class and currently the most widely grown wheat cultivar in Canada, was developed using MAB to improve grain protein...
Norman Borlaug's legacy and the urgent need for continuing innovative wheat technology
H.-J. Braun
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S3-S5 | DOI: 10.17221/3247-CJGPB
The MRN complex of wheat
A. De BUSTOS, R. PÉREZ, A. CUADRADO, N. JOUVE
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S35-S38 | DOI: 10.17221/3251-CJGPB
The MRN complex is formed by the interaction of the products of the Mre11, Rad50 and Nbs1 genes. This complex plays a central role on repair of double-strand breaks (DSBs) and acts in a great number of cellular processes. In this study we have performed the analysis of the MRN complex in diploid and polyploid species of wheat. The molecular characterization was carried out in the diploid T. monococcum (genome A) and Ae. tauschii (genome D) and in the tetraploid T. turgidum (genomes A and B). The results obtained showed that in all cases the genes presented the main characteristics previously described...
Estimation of carbon inputs to soils from wheat in the Pampas Region, Argentina
G. CIVEIRA
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S39-S42 | DOI: 10.17221/3252-CJGPB
Recently soils have gained more attention within the global change debate as the largest terrestrial carbon (C) pool. Different soils and vegetation types have substantial impacts on many of the processes that take place in the ecosystem functioning and thus in soil organic C stocks. An accurate estimation of vegetation C inputs to soils may aid in more precise estimation of the future release or sequestration of soil organic C. Wheat production affects C inputs and thus soil C sequestration in soils. The objective of this research was to evaluate C inputs by wheat, from 1993 to 2002 in the Pampas Region. The estimated C input rate by wheat was greater...
Wheat genetic resources - how to exploit?
A. BÖRNER, K. NEUMANN, B. KOBILJSKI
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S43-S48 | DOI: 10.17221/3253-CJGPB
It is estimated that world-wide existing germplasm collections contain about 7.5 million accessions of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. Wheat (Triticum and Aegilops) represents the biggest group comprising 900 000 accessions. However, such a huge number of accessions is hindering a successful exploitation of the germplasm. The creation of core collections representing a wide spectrum of the genetic variation of the whole assembly may help to overcome the problem. Here we demonstrate the successful utilisation of such a core collection for the identification and molecular mapping of genes (Quantitative Trait Loci)...
Triticum aestivum × Triticum timopheevii introgression lines as a source of pathogen resistance genes
I.N. Leonova, E.B. Budashkina, N.P. Kalinina, M.S. Röder, A. Börner, E.A. Salina
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S49-S55 | DOI: 10.17221/3254-CJGPB
A collection of introgression lines was obtained from crosses of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars with tetraploid wheat Triticum timopheevii (Zhuk.). Evaluation of resistance to fungal diseases revealed the lines with resistance to leaf and stem rusts, powdery mildew, spot blotch, and loose smut, the most widespread in Siberian region of Russia. Localization of the T. timopheevii genome fragments by means of microsatellite markers determined higher frequency of substitutions and translocations on chromosomes 1А, 2A, 2B, 5A, 5B and 6B. Molecular mapping of the loci determining leaf rust resistance revealed...
Transferring useful rye genes to wheat, using triticale as a bridge
N.N. SAULESCU, G. ITTU, M. CIUCA, M. ITTU, G. SERBAN, P. MUSTATEA
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S56-S62 | DOI: 10.17221/3255-CJGPB
Rye has already proven to be a good donor of genes for improving important traits and diversity in wheat breeding. The agronomic advantages of wheat-rye translocations, as well as their detrimental pleiotropic effects,were shown to be dependent on the source of the transferred rye chromatin. This justifies continued effort for introgression of rye genes from various sources into various wheat backgrounds. There are still many genes of interest for wheat improvement, not yet transferred, that are available in the rye genome. This paper describes the strategy applied at the National Agricultural Research and Development Institute Fundulea (Romania),...
A strategic look at global wheat production, productivity and R&D developments
P. G. PARDEY
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S6-S19 | DOI: 10.17221/3248-CJGPB
The 20th century began with a rapid ramping up of national investments in and institutions engaged with research for food and agriculture. As the 21st century unfolds, the global science and agricultural development landscapes are changing in substantive ways, with important implications for the funding, conduct and institutional arrangements affecting research for food and agriculture. Wheat improvement research is part of this broader agricultural innovation landscape. While there is a general consensus that the present and prospective future of the agricultural sciences bears little resemblance to the situations that prevailed...
Effects of the 4Nv chromosome from Aegilops ventricosa on agronomic and quality traits in bread wheat
E. SIN, J. DEL MORAL, P. HERNÁNDEZ, E. BENAVENTE, M. RUBIO, J.A. MARTÍN-SÁNCHEZ, R.F. PÉREZ, I. LÓPEZ-BRAÑA, A. DELIBES
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S63-S66 | DOI: 10.17221/3256-CJGPB
Advanced wheat lines carrying the Hessian fly resistance gene H27 were obtained by backcrossing the wheat/Aegilops ventricosa introgression line, H-93-33, to commercial wheat cultivars as recurrent parents. The Acph-Nv1 marker linked to the gene H27 on the 4Nv chromosome of this line was used for marker assisted selection. Advanced lines were evaluated for Hessian fly resistance in field and growth chamber tests, and for other agronomic traits during several crop seasons at different localities of Spain. The hessian fly resistance levels of lines carrying the 4Nv chromosome introgression...
Resistance of Triticum species to cereal aphids
E. E. RADCHENKO
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S67-S70 | DOI: 10.17221/3257-CJGPB
The resistance of Triticum ssp. to English grain aphid (Sitobion avenae F.) and bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) has been studied in different regions of Russia and the former Soviet Union. The dependence of resistance to aphids on the wheat genome constitution was determined. Diploid species with genomes Au (Triticum urartu) and Ab (T. boeoticum, T. monococcum) are the most resistant. Possessing a D genome in the species T. kiharae and T. miguschovae gives high resistance. Resistance controlled by the G genome is overcome by the pests.
The utilization of wheat genetic resources in breeding for bread-making quality
V. DVOŘÁČEK, L. DOTLAČIL, J. HERMUTH, A. PROHASKOVÁ, Z. STEHNO, L. SVOBODOVÁ
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S71-S76 | DOI: 10.17221/3258-CJGPB
This paper describes the structure and content of the Czech wheat germplasm collection. The collection, at present, includes 10 800 wheat accessions. Evaluation data, of variable content are available on 73% of the accessions, pedigree data on 80% of released cultivars. The annual distribution of seed samples to users amounts to about 1200 accessions. Attention is paid to increasing the value of the collection for users by way of deeper evaluation and choice of donors for important characters. With this intention, 8 modern cultivars (most of them with high bread-making quality) and 20 genetic lines derived from European landraces and obsolete cultivars...
Understanding grain yield: it is a journey, not a destination
P.S. BAENZIGER, I. DWEIKAT, K. GILL, K. ESKRIDGE, T. BERKE, M. SHAH, B.T. CAMPBELL, M.L. ALI, N. MENGISTU, A. MAHMOOD7, A. AUVUCHANON, Y. YEN 8, S. RUSTGI, B. MORENO-SEVILLA9, A. MUJEEB-KAZI, M.R. MORRIS
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S77-S84 | DOI: 10.17221/3259-CJGPB
Approximately 20 years ago, we began our efforts to understand grain yield in winter wheat using chromosome substitution lines between Cheyenne (CNN) and Wichita (WI). We found that two chromosome substitutions, 3A and 6A, greatly affected grain yield. CNN(WI3A) and CNN(WI6A) had 15 to 20% higher grain yield than CNN, whereas WI(CNN3A) and WI(CNN6A) had 15 to 20% lower grain yield than WI. The differences in grain yield are mainly expressed in higher yielding environments (e.g. eastern Nebraska) indicating genotype by environment interactions (G × E). In studies using hybrid wheat, the gene action for grain yield on these chromosomes was found to be...
Salinity tolerance and Na+ exclusion in wheat: variability, genetics, mapping populations and QTL analysis
Y. SHAVRUKOV, N. SHAMAYA, M. BAHO, J. EDWARDS, C. RAMSEY, 3, E. NEVO, P. LANGRIDGE, M. TESTER
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S85-S93 | DOI: 10.17221/3260-CJGPB
A wide range of variability in both Na+ exclusion and salinity tolerance was shown in Triticum dicoccoides and the best performing genotype, from Getit, was identified for further study and for crossing. In bread wheat, plants BC6F1 from the cross Chinese Spring/line SQ1 showed less variability, but the line 1868 was identified as a potential source of tissue tolerance to salinity. Two Afghani durum landraces were identified among 179 screened, with approximately 50% lower Na+ accumulation in shoots. Genetic analysis of F2 progenies between landraces and durum wheat showed clear segregation...
Characterization and expression of high temperature stress responsive genes in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
P. KHURANA, H. CHAUHAN, N. KHURANA
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S94-S97 | DOI: 10.17221/3261-CJGPB
To elucidate the effects of high temperatures, wheat plants (Triticum aestivum cv. CPAN 1676) were given heat shocks at 37°C and 42°C for two hours, and responsive genes were identified through PCR-Select Subtraction technology. Four subtractive cDNA libraries, including three forward and one reverse subtraction, were constructed from three different developmental stages. A total of 5500 ESTs were generated and 3516 high quality ESTs were submitted to Genbank. More than one third of the ESTs generated fall in unknown/no hit categories upon a homology search through BLAST analysis. A large number of high temperature responsive genes have been...
Quantitative trait loci influencing end-use quality traits of hard red spring wheat breeding lines
T. J. TSILO, J.-B. OHM, G.A. HARELAND, S. CHAO, J.A. ANDERSON
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S190-S195 | DOI: 10.17221/3279-CJGPB
Wheat bread-making quality is influenced by a complex group of traits including dough visco-elastic characteristics. In this study, quantitative trait locus/loci (QTL) mapping and analysis were conducted for endosperm polymeric proteins together with dough mixing strength and bread-making properties in a population of 139 (MN98550 × MN99394) recombinant inbred lines that was evaluated at three environments in 2006. Eleven chromosome regions were associated with endosperm polymeric proteins, explaining 4.2-31.8% of the phenotypic variation. Most of these polymeric proteins QTL coincided with several QTL for dough-mixing strength and bread-making properties....
Individual and interactive effects of genetic background and environmental conditions on amount and size distribution of polymeric proteins in wheat grain
A.H. MALIK, M.L. PRIETO-LINDE, R. KUKTAITE, A. ANDERSSON, E. JOHANSSON
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S186-S189 | DOI: 10.17221/3278-CJGPB
Bread-making quality of wheat flour is influenced by wheat storage proteins. The percentage of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-unextracted polymeric proteins in total polymeric proteins (% UPP), as one important factors determining bread-making quality, is largely influenced by the individual and interactive effect of genetical background and environmental conditions. Four spring wheat cultivars were grown in green house. Two of the cultivars have high molecular weight glutenin subunits 5+10 while the other two have 2+12. Four different nitrogen regimes and two different temperature levels (distinguished as low and high temperature) were used. The results...
Evaluation of CIMMYT germplasm for resistance to leaf spotting diseases of wheat
P.K. SINGH, E. DUVEILLER, R.P. SINGH
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S102-S108 | DOI: 10.17221/3263-CJGPB
The leaf spotting disease complex is a major biotic constrain in enhancing grain production in the major wheat growing regions. Two leaf spotting diseases, tan spot, caused by an ascomycete fungus Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, and Stagonospora nodorum blotch besides causing average yield losses of 5-10%, cause significant losses in grain quality by red smudge, black point and grain shriveling. Conservation agriculture in combination with wheat monoculture involving cultivation of susceptible cultivars has resulted in frequent onset of leaf spots epidemics worldwide. Development of resistant wheat cultivars, in conjunction with crop rotation,...
The homoeologous regions on long arms of group 3 chromosomes in wheat and barley harbour major crown rot resistance loci
C.J. Liu, J. Ma, H.B. Li, Y.X. Liu, G.R. Liu, S.M. Wen, M.X. Zhou, G.J. Yan, S. Chakraborty
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S109-S114 | DOI: 10.17221/3264-CJGPB
Crown rot (CR), caused by various Fusarium species, has become an important cereal disease worldwide and growing resistant varieties is an essential strategy to reduce the $A80 mil annual loss from CR in Australia. To facilitate the breeding of resistant varieties, we have screened 2514 wheat and 1059 barley genotypes and identified several lines with high levels of CR resistance in each crop. Initially focused on two wheat and one barley resistance sources, we have identified major QTL with unprecedented magnitudes. Two wheat QTL explain between 35% (LOD 7.6) and 49% (LOD 10.8) and the barley QTL explains up to 63% (LOD 14.8) of the phenotypic...
Fusarium ratings in Ontario winter wheat performance trial (OWWPT) using an index that combines Fusarium head blight symptoms and deoxynivalenol levels
L. TAMBURIC-ILINCIC, D. FALK, A. SCHAAFSMA
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S115-S122 | DOI: 10.17221/3265-CJGPB
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most serious diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). FHB reduces grain yield and quality, and the fungus produces mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON). The most practical way to control FHB is through the development of resistant cultivars. In addition to exotic sources of resistance (such as cultivars Sumai 3 and Frontana), native sources of resistance are commonly used in winter wheat breeding programs in North America. In 1996, 2000, and 2004 severe epidemics of FHB cost the winter wheat industry in Ontario, Canada combined over $200 million. All wheat grown in Ontario is entered in the Ontario...
Effectiveness of marker-based selection for Fusarium head blight resistance in spring wheat
J. CHRPOVÁ, V. ŠÍP, T. SEDLÁČEK, L. ŠTOČKOVÁ, O. VEŠKRNA, P. HORČIČKA
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S123-S129 | DOI: 10.17221/3266-CJGPB
The effect of selection for two donor-QTL from Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistant spring wheat variety Sumai 3 on the reduction of deoxynivalenol (DON) content and FHB index was evaluated in field trials over two years (2008, 2009) following artificial inoculation with Fusarium culmorum. This study was conducted on populations of recombinant inbred lines derived from two crosses, Sumai 3/Swedget and Sumai 3/SG-S 191-01. DON content and FHB index were significantly reduced in both crosses in the genotype classes with two stacked donor QTL on chromosomes 3B and 5A in comparison to genotype classes with no donor QTL. In the cross Sumai 3/Swedget...
Pyricularia blast - a threat to wheat cultivation
M.M. KOHLI, Y.R. MEHTA, E. GUZMAN, L. DE VIEDMA, L.E. CUBILLA
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S130-S134 | DOI: 10.17221/3267-CJGPB
Wheat blast disease caused by Pyricularia grisea (telemorph Magnaporthe grisea) has become a serious restriction on increasing the area and production of the crop, especially in the tropical parts of the Southern Cone Region of South America. First identified in 1985 in the State of Paraná in Brazil, it has become an endemic disease in the low lying Santa Cruz region of Bolivia, south and south-eastern Paraguay, and central and southern Brazil in recent years. Severe infections have also been observed in the summer planted wheat crop in north-eastern Argentina. So far, only sporadic infections have been seen in Uruguay, especially...
Increased tolerance to wheat powdery mildew by heterologous constitutive expression of the Solanum chacoense Snakin-1 gene
P. Faccio, C. Vazquez-Rovere, E. Hopp, G. González, C. Décima-Oneto, E. Favret, A. Díaz Paleo, P. Franzone
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S135-S141 | DOI: 10.17221/3268-CJGPB
Great efforts are currently being devoted to studying the use of transgenes to confer resistance to phytopathogenic fungi. Snakin-1 is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide isolated from Solanum that is active in vitro against bacteria and fungi. Recently, it was reported that overexpression of the snakin-1 (SN1) gene in transgenic potato plants enhanced resistance to Rhizoctonia solani and Erwinia carotovora. In this work wheat transgenic plants that constitutively expressed the S. chacoense SN1 gene were challenged with Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici. Enhanced...
A preliminary report on the identification of SSR markers for bunt (Tilletia sp.) resistance in wheat
M. CIUCĂ
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S142-S145 | DOI: 10.17221/3269-CJGPB
Common bunt and dwarf bunt, caused by Tilletia caries (DC) Tul., T. foetida (Wallr) Liro., and T. controversa, respectively, can still cause yield and quality losses, despite the availability of effective chemical treatments. Growing resistant cultivars remains the best option for economical and environmental reasons, and is the only effective alternative in organic farming. As the durability of bunt resistance has proved to be rather poor, the pyramiding of resistance genes has been envisaged as a method of extending the life of resistance genes. Molecular markers can considerably increase the efficiency of gene pyramiding,...
Wheat germplasm screening for stem rust resistance using conventional and molecular techniques
A. KOKHMETOVA, A. MORGOUNOV, S. RSALIEV, A. RSALIEV, G. YESSENBEKOVA, L. TYPINA
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S146-S154 | DOI: 10.17221/3270-CJGPB
In Central Asia, stem rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici) causes considerable damage, especially during growing seasons with high rainfall. Ug99 is a race of stem rust that is virulent to the majority of wheat varieties. To develop disease-free germplasm, wheat material was screened using the predominant stem rust races of Kazakhstan and tested in two nurseries; CIMMYT-Turkey and the Plant Breeding Station at Njoro, Kenya. A total of 11 pathotypes of P. graminis f.sp. tritici were identified in Kazakhstan from the stem rust samples collected in 2008-2009. In particular, pathotypes TDT/H, TPS/H, TTH/K,...
Resistance to rusts in Bangladeshi wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
P. K. MALAKER, M.M.A. REZA
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S155-S159 | DOI: 10.17221/3271-CJGPB
Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina is the most important disease among the three rusts of wheat in Bangladesh. The disease occurs in all wheat growing areas of the country with varying degrees of severity. Stem rust caused by P. graminis f.sp. tritici was last observed during the mid 1980s, while yellow rust caused by P. striiformis f.sp. tritici occurs occasionally in the north-western region, where a relatively cooler climate prevails during the winter months. None of the rusts has yet reached an epidemic level, but damaging epidemics may occur in future, particularly if a virulent race develops...
Farmers' preference and informal seed dissemination of first Ug99 tolerant wheat variety in Bangladesh
D.B. PANDIT, M.S.N. MANDAL, M.A. HAKIM, N.C.D. BARMA, T.P. TIWARI, A.K. JOSHI
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S160-S164 | DOI: 10.17221/3272-CJGPB
Farmers' preference study and informal seed dissemination was carried out through farmer participatory variety selection (PVS) during 2006-2007 to 2008-2009 by the Wheat Research Centre (WRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Dinajpur, Bangladesh, in collaboration with CIMMYT. Four varieties including widely grown Shatabdi and four advance lines including Ug99 tolerant BAW 1064 were tested in mother-baby trial approach in 8 villages in each year. Mother trials were researcher designed but farmer managed. However, baby trials were designed and managed by farmers themselves. Preference scores of 30 farmers for varieties were recorded...
Breeding adult plant resistance to stripe rust in spring bread wheat germplasm adapted to Sichuan Province of China
E.N. YANG, Y. C. ZOU, W. Y. YANG, Y. L. TANG, Z.H. HE, R.P. SINGH
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S165-S168 | DOI: 10.17221/3273-CJGPB
Sichuan is an important wheat producing province of China where severe stripe rust epidemics occur annually. Developing high-yielding wheat varieties with good and stable stripe rust resistance is a foremost breeding objective of all breeding programs. Because minor gene based adult-plant resistance (APR) is considered durable, a shuttle breeding program between Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (SAAS) and CIMMYT was initiated in 2000 to transfer APR identified in CIMMYT wheats to wheat germplasm adapted in Sichuan. During 2007-2009, a total of 669 advanced generation lines obtained from this shuttle breeding effort were provided to the Plant...
Improving the health benefits of wheat
P. R. SHEWRY, J. L. WARD, F. ZHAO, C. RAVEL, G. CHARMET, D. LAFIANDRA, Z. BEDŐ
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S169-S173 | DOI: 10.17221/3274-CJGPB
Analysis of wheat lines in the HEALTHGRAIN diversity screen has shown wide variation in the content of phytochemicals, dietary fibre components and minerals. In some cases, notably dietary fibre components, alkylresorcinols, tocols and sterols, this variation is also highly heritable, indicating that the contents of these components could be increased by plant breeding. Lower heritability was observed for the contents of Fe and Zn, but this may still be sufficient to achieve some increases by plant breeding. By contrast, some other components, such as folates, phenolic acids and Se, exhibit low levels of heritability. Grain concentrations of iron and...
Breeding for enhanced zinc and iron concentration in CIMMYT spring wheat germplasm
G. VELU, R. SINGH, J. HUERTA-ESPINO, J. PEÑA, I. ORTIZ-MONASTERIO
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S174-S177 | DOI: 10.17221/3275-CJGPB
Micronutrient malnutrition, resulting from dietary deficiency of important minerals such as zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe), is a widespread food-related health problem. Genetic enhancement of crops with elevated levels of these micronutrients is one of the most cost effective ways of solving global micronutrient malnutrition problem. Development and dissemination of high Zn and Fe containing high-yielding, disease-resistant wheat varieties by International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) is initially targeted for the Indo-Gangetic plains of South Asia, a region with high population density and high micronutrient malnutrition. The most promising...
Predicting cookie wheat germplasm performance
J. L. DE ALMEIDA, G. DOS SANTOS PORTES SILVA
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S178-S181 | DOI: 10.17221/3276-CJGPB
Compared to the large effort spent developing Brazilian bread wheat cultivars, relatively few soft wheat cultivars for cookie flour were released in this country in the recent years. The objective of this study is to propose a model to predict wheat cultivars with improved manufacturing quality for the cookie industry while maintaining production for the growers. A database was compiled originally with 1674 entries with field, milling and flour quality parameters from the year 2000 to 2008 crop seasons. The critical specifications of 14 commercial cookie flours were compared and it was determined that the variables farinograph water absorption appeared...
Dynamic changes of wheat quality during grain filling in waxy wheat WX12
J. NI, B. FENG, Z. XU, T. WANG
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S182-S185 | DOI: 10.17221/3277-CJGPB
Changes of quality traits such as grain sugar, starch, and protein content in full waxy and normal wheat in field grown samples was studied during grain filling. Compared to the normal line, the soluble sugar, sucrose and pentosan contents were higher in the waxy isoline. The highest pentosan content in waxy wheat was 22-27 days after flowering (DAF), while the highest fructan content was 7-12 DAF. In addition, the quality dynamic changes of two wheat lines were similar except for starch content during grain filling, the Vmax of starch synthesis were highest at 17-22 DAF in the waxy line, while this was at 22-27 DAF in the normal...
Development of isogenic lines for resistance to Septoria tritici blotch in wheat
S.B. GOODWIN, I. THOMPSON
Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2011, 47(10):S98-S101 | DOI: 10.17221/3262-CJGPB
Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella graminicola (asexual stage: Septoria tritici), is one of the most economically important diseases of wheat worldwide. During the past decade 13 genes for resistance to STB have been identified and several molecular markers have been developed. However, analysis of resistance gene expression and utility for plant improvement programs would be increased if the resistance genes were isolated in a common susceptible background. To address this problem, a program was begun to backcross resistance genes Stb1-8 into two susceptible wheat cultivars. Work...