Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2017 (vol. 53), issue 2

Wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight and possibilities of its improvement using molecular marker-assisted selectionReview

Liaqat SHAH, Asif ALI, Yulei ZHU, Shengxing WANG, Hongqi SI, Chuanxi MA

Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2017, 53(2):47-54 | DOI: 10.17221/139/2016-CJGPB  

Wheat, one of the world's major crops, is seriously affected by fungal diseases, especially in regions with high moisture and moderately warm temperatures. This paper reviews various molecular and conventional techniques that are used to identify genotypes with resistance alleles associated with Fusarium head blight (FHB) diseases. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) type II, designated as Fhb1, are frequently applied in plant breeding, and the newly recognized genes related to resistance to this fungal disease give extra insights into marker-assisted selection (MAS). Molecular markers are robust tools that may be routinely used in MAS for the mapping...

Searching for low alkaloid forms in the Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis) collectionOriginal Paper

Renata GALEK, Ewa SAWICKA-SIENKIEWICZ, Dariusz ZALEWSKI, Stanisław STAWIŃSKI, Krystyna SPYCHAŁA

Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2017, 53(2):55-62 | DOI: 10.17221/71/2016-CJGPB  

The Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) is the only cultivated species of the genus Lupinus originating from South America. Attempts were made to introduce this species to European soil and climatic conditions. The main disadvantages of the Andean lupin include too long and non-uniform maturation of pods in a plant, dropping flowers and pod buds, and a high alkaloid content (up to 5%). The aim of this study was to identify in post-mutagen treated material genotypes with low alkaloid content in seeds, which would be useful for improving L. mutabilis by breeding. The iodine test was annually performed to test the presence...

A comparative analysis of DNA methylation in diploid and tetraploid apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)Original Paper

Ping HE, Lailiang CHENG, Huifeng LI, Haibo WANG, Linguang LI

Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2017, 53(2):63-68 | DOI: 10.17221/55/2016-CJGPB  

DNA methylation is one of the major epigenetic modifications. It is very important to the regulation of gene expression. Methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) profiling was applied to a diploid apple cultivar and its derived autotetraploid in order to characterize the level and pattern of DNA methylation at the two different ploidies. The frequency of methylated restriction sites was very similar between the two types (28.0% vs 27.3%), implying that polyploidization had a low effect on the global level of DNA methylation. However, with respect to the pattern of methylation, the frequency of hemi-methylated sites was higher in the...

Study of informative DNA markers of the Rf1 gene in sunflower for breeding practiceOriginal Paper

Nikolay MARKIN, Alexander USATOV, Maksim MAKARENKO, Kiril AZARIN, Oleg GORBACHENKO, Natalia KOLOKOLOVA, Tatyana USATENKO, Olga MARKINA, Vera GAVRILOVA

Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2017, 53(2):69-75 | DOI: 10.17221/108/2016-CJGPB  

The investigation of DNA markers associated with the pollen fertility restoration gene (Rf1) was conducted in Helianthus. Two sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers - HRG01 and HRG02 were informative for the identification of Rf1 gene in selections of sunflower plants. The codominant character of the HRG01 marker and HRG01 amplicon polymorphism has been determined. Five annual and twenty-six perennial species of sunflower were tested for the presence of Rf genotypes. HRG02 proved to be a more appropriate marker for Rf1 determination in perennial species, and HRG01 was more informative for...

Response of winter wheat cultivars to crop management and environment in post-registration trialsOriginal Paper

Wiesław MĄDRY, Adriana DEREJKO, Marcin STUDNICKI, Jakub PADEREWSKI, Edward GACEK

Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2017, 53(2):76-82 | DOI: 10.17221/28/2016-CJGPB  

In order to deliver essential information related to flexible cultivar recommendations, the cultivars which have been released have to be evaluated under different crop management treatments across agro-ecosystems using two-factorial post-registration multi-environment trials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield adaptive patterns of 24 winter wheat cultivars tested across 20 trial locations and three consecutive cropping seasons. The evaluated winter wheat cultivars from many Western European countries and Poland showed different adaptive responses to the Polish agro-ecosystems under each of the crop management intensities. Under...

Evaluation of combining ability in ornamental sunflower for floral and morphological traitsOriginal Paper

Sandra CVEJIĆ, Siniša JOCIĆ, Emina MLADENOVIĆ, Milan JOCKOVIĆ, Dragana MILADINOVIĆ, Ivana IMEROVSKI, Aleksandra DIMITRIJEVIĆ

Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2017, 53(2):83-88 | DOI: 10.17221/50/2016-CJGPB  

Ornamental sunflowers are widely cultivated for use as cut flowers and/or as garden plants. The objective of the study was to investigate breeding values of new F₁ ornamental sunflower hybrids using incomplete diallel crossing of four ornamental inbred lines: Heliopa, Talia, Iskra and Neoplanta. Six traits important for ornamental market use were studied. Additive gene effects prevailed in most tested traits except for lateral floral diameter and duration of lateral flowering, which exhibited non-additive effects. The results indicated that the Talia × Neoplanta hybrid combination was the most promising for cut flowers due to long and strong...