Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2026 (vol. 62), issue 3

Molecular markers and genomic resources in caraway (Carum carvi L.): Current status, research gaps, and strategic directions for breedingReview

Samuel Goitom Misginna, Petra Röszlerová, Omar Gaoua, Patrick Kamulegeya, Marie Pichová, Eva Jozová, Vladislav Čurn

Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2026, 62(3):121-134 | DOI: 10.17221/16/2026-CJGPB  

Caraway (Carum carvi L.) is an economically important spice and medicinal crop valued for its essential oil composition, particularly its high content of carvone and limonene. Despite its commercial relevance, compared with that of other Apiaceae species, the development of genomic resources remains limited. Molecular research has progressed from early dominant marker systems, including random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR), to more recent SNP-based genotyping approaches that clarify population structure and flowering-type differentiation. However, key genomic resources, such as simple sequence repeat...

Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure of almond germplasm in Van Province, Türkiye, using iPBS-retrotransposon-based markersOriginal Paper

Berna Sarman, Metin Koçak

Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2026, 62(3):135-145 | DOI: 10.17221/12/2026-CJGPB  

The genetic characterisation of naturally occurring almond genotypes can guide the selection of genetic resources to be used in the breeding programme. Therefore, this study aims to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of almond germplasm comprising 50 accessions naturally occurring in Van, Türkiye, along with two commercial varieties (Pabuç and Dokuzoğuz). Thirteen inter-primer binding site (iPBS) retrotransposon markers generated a total of 102 bands, of which 95 were polymorphic. The average polymorphic band number per marker was 7.3, with a range of 5 to 13. A formula yielding a maximum of 0.5 resulted in polymorphic information...

Genetic diversity of selected Malaysian rice accessions using microsatellite markersOriginal Paper

Shahril Ab Razak, Alny Marlynni Abd Majid, Rahiniza Kamaruzaman, Norliza Abu Bakar, Rabiatul Adawiah Zainal Abidin, Yun Shin Sew, Norfarhan Mohd-Assaad, Asmuni Mohd Ikmal, Noraziyah Abd Aziz Shamsudin

Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2026, 62(3):146-156 | DOI: 10.17221/133/2025-CJGPB  

Genetic diversity of plant genetic resources provides the foundation for breeding programmes aimed at developing high-yielding rice varieties with tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Given the abundance of available genetic resources, efficient approaches for their characterisation are essential. In this study, 182 Malaysian rice accessions representing different maturity groups were characterised using 20 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The analysis identified 183 alleles, ranging from two (RM507) to 22 (RM154), with an average of 9.15 alleles per locus. Observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.000 to 0.506 and 0.319...

Transcriptomic profiling of shallots (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) reveals differential gene expression patterns under nitrogen deficiencyOriginal Paper

Tri Joko Santoso, Reflinur Reflinur, Zeeshan Ali, Tri Handayani, Alberta Dinar Ambarwati, Chotimatul Azmi, Atmitri Sisharmini, Aniversari Apriana, Dwinita Wikan Utami, Kristianto Nugroho

Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2026, 62(3):157-169 | DOI: 10.17221/25/2026-CJGPB  

Nitrogen (N) is essential for crop productivity, yet excessive fertilisation decreases the nitrogen use efficiency and increases the environmental risks. Despite the economic and medicinal importance of the shallot, its molecular response to N deficiency remains unclear. We performed transcriptome profiling of two cultivars (Bima-0 and Bima 1) under N deficient and N-sufficient conditions. The RNA sequencing identified 438 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed significant modulation of the nitrogen metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, glutathione...

Quantum-inspired machine learning for screening PEG-induced drought stress responses in caraway (Carum carvi L.)Original Paper

Samuel Goitom Misginna, Omar Gaoua, Petra Röszlerová, Musab A Isak, Ondrej Hejna, Patrick Kamulegeya, Eva Jozová, Vladislav Čurn

Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2026, 62(3):170-189 | DOI: 10.17221/18/2026-CJGPB  

Drought is a significant factor limiting the growth and early establishment of caraway (Carum carvi L.), a valuable medicinal and aromatic plant. In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000)-induced osmotic stress assays were combined with statistical and machine learning (ML) approaches to assess early drought responses in five caraway cultivars and breeding materials. Seeds were subjected to four PEG concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 15 %), and key germination and seedling traits, including germination percentage (GP), root length (RL), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), shoot height (SH), shoot fresh weight (SFW), and shoot dry weight...

Synergistic effects of low IAA and GA concentrations promote dehiscence-zone separation in vegetable soybeanOriginal Paper

Bingjie Tu, Changkai Liu, Qiuying Zhang, Xiaobing Liu, Nan Xu

Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2026, 62(3):190-199 | DOI: 10.17221/37/2026-CJGPB  

Pod dehiscence, also known as pod shattering, is the process by which mature pods open and release their seeds at physiological maturity. In vegetable soybean (Glycine max L.), premature seed release from mature pods is a major cause of yield loss during seed production. As pod dehiscence occurs within the dehiscence zone, understanding the physiological mechanisms governing its formation and degradation is essential. To investigate these mechanisms, we compared the activities of pectinase, polygalacturonase (PG), cellulase, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), abscisic acid (ABA) and zeatin (ZA) in the pod ventral sutures of dehiscent...