Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2002 (vol. 38), issue 1

Fifty years of research on genetics and plant breeding in the Research Institute of Crop Production, Prague-Ruzyně

L. Dotlačil

Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2002, 38(1):1-2 | DOI: 10.17221/6105-CJGPB  

Research, conservation and utilisation of plant genetic resources and agro-biodiversity enhancement - Contribution of the Research Institute of Crop Production Prague-Ruzyně

L. Dotlačil, Z. Stehno, I. Fáberová, A. Michalová

Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2002, 38(1):3-15 | DOI: 10.17221/6106-CJGPB  

Activities on plant genetic resources in the Czech Republic are concentrated in the National Programme on Conservation and Utilisation of Plant Genetic Resources. Eleven institutions maintain 51,000 accessions, of which 17.3% belong to vegetatively propagated species. Research Institute of Crop Production (RICP) Prague has the responsibility for the coordination of the Programme; it holds more than half of all accessions in collections of genetic resources, runs the national information system and provides long-term storage for all seed-propagated species. All Czech collections are fully documented in passport data. Evaluation data (based on National...

Achievements and prospects of wheat breeding for disease resistance

P. Bartoš, V. Šíp, J. Chrpová, J. Vacke, E. Stuchlíková, V. Blažková, J. Šárová, A. Hanzalová

Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2002, 38(1):16-28 | DOI: 10.17221/6107-CJGPB  

Achievements and prospects of wheat breeding for disease resistance in the world and in the Czech Republic are reviewed. Attention is paid to rusts, powdery mildew, leaf blotch, glume blotch, tan spot, fusarium head blight, common and dwarf bunt, eyespot, barley yellow dwarf virus on wheat and wheat dwarf virus. Genes for resistance to rusts and powdery mildew in the cultivars registered in the Czech Republic are listed. Promising resistance genes and sources of resistance to the above mentioned diseases are reviewed. Prospects of resistance breeding including application of methods of molecular genetics and development of synthetic hexaploids are outlined.

DNA analyses and their applications in plant breeding

J. Ovesná, K. Poláková, L. Leišová

Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2002, 38(1):29-40 | DOI: 10.17221/6108-CJGPB  

In recent years, molecular markers have been developed based on the more detailed knowledge of genome structure. Considerable emphasis has been laid on the use of molecular markers in practical breeding and genotype identification. This review attempts to give an account of different molecular markers currently available for genome mapping and for tagging different traits - restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and microsatellites. Other markers, expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are also mentioned. The importance...

Effect of chromosome 3B gene/s of Česká Přesívka on vernalisation response, photoperiod sensitivity and earliness of wheat

J. Košner, K. Pánková

Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2002, 38(1):41-49 | DOI: 10.17221/6109-CJGPB  

Substitution lines with the chromosome 3B of the Czech alternative cultivar Česká Přesívka (CP) in the genetic background of the wheat cultivars Zdar, Vala, Košutka, Jara and Sandra, differing in their requirements of vernalisation and photoperiod, were compared with the original cultivars under short and long photoperiod, to evaluate the effects of genes, located on the chromosome 3B of CP, on earliness and the response to photoperiod and vernalisation. The results suggest that these genes have only a small effect upon the vernalisation requirement, but are more related to the response to photoperiod. However, the genes on the substituted chromosome...

Utilisation of doubled haploids in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) breeding

V. Kučera, M. Vyvadilová, M. Klíma

Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2002, 38(1):50-54 | DOI: 10.17221/6110-CJGPB  

A survey of development and prospects of the utilisation of doubled haploid techniques in rapeseed breeding in the world and in the Czech Republic is presented. The first utilisation of spontaneously occurred haploids from Brassica napus inbreeding programmes is described. The development of techniques of anther and later microspore culture is outlined. Special emphasis is given to the practical use of doubled haploids for the improvement of the effectiveness of breeding new productive cultivars. Some partial results of evaluation of yield parameters and resistance to important diseases in the obtained doubled haploid lines of winter oilseed...

Comparison of different PCR-based protocols for detection of Roundup Ready soybean

J. Ovesná, L. Dedičová, J. Horáček, E. Sadilová, L. Kučera, L. Měsková

Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2002, 38(1):55-63 | DOI: 10.17221/6111-CJGPB  

Genetically modified organisms have become a part of our environment and food chain. Roundup Ready soybean is at the moment the most frequent one that man can meet. National regulations require careful monitoring and detection of GMOs. We present in this investigation comparison of several protocols and individual steps, which are included in the whole detection procedure. Currently used CTAB based protocol is suitable for DNA isolation from the green plant tissue but also from the flour. Lectin coding sequence specific primers were suitable for soybean DNA detection unlike leu-tRNA gene specific primers. Only one of the tested CaMV sequence specific...

D.C. Rao & M.A. Province - Advances in Genetics,Vol. 42, Genetic Dissection of Complex Traits

L. Kučera

Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2002, 38(1):64 | DOI: 10.17221/6112-CJGPB