Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2004, 40(2):63-71 | DOI: 10.17221/3701-CJGPB
A Plant Pathologist on Wheat Breeding with Special Reference to Septoria Diseases
- J C. ZADOKS
This review has a personal, plant pathologist's outlook on plant breeding. It touches upon some generalities, among which the "three stages" of plant breeding, participatory plant breeding and biotechnology in plant breeding. It delves deep into modern molecular studies on leaf blotch (anamorph Septoria tritici) and glume blotch (anamorph Septoria nodorum) of wheat. Epidemiological knowledge of the teleomorphs Mycosphaerella graminicola and Stagonospora nodorum has progressed with great strides. Consequences for applied plant breeding slowly become visible.
Keywords: glume blotch; leaf blotch; molecular epidemiology; Mycosphaerella graminicola; Septoria nodorum; Septoria tritici; Stagonospora nodorum
Published: June 30, 2004 Show citation
References
- A H.U., M C.C., H M.E., C S.M. (1996): Selective influence of wheat cultivars on pathogenicity of Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph Septoria tritici). Phytopathology, 86: 454-458.
Go to original source...
- B F M., M J.M., M H., M B., V -P C. (2003): Reduction of septoria tritici blotch severity and stability of grain yield and quality of wheat cultivar mixtures in on-farm trials. In: K G.H.J., G M., H M. (eds): Global insights into the Septoria and Stagonospora diseases of cereals. Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Septoria/ Stagonospora Diseases of Cereals. Dec. 8-12, 2003, Tunis, Tunisia: 45-47.
- B Y., G -P V., G S. (1980): Développement et expression de l'association endomycorrhizienne chez le blé. I- Mise en évidence d'un effet variétal. Ann. Amel. Pl., 30: 67-78.
- B J.M., C R.S., M D B.A. (1993): Gene flow between geographic populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph Septoria tritici) detected with restriction fragment length polymorphism markers. Phytopathology, 83: 1148-1154.
Go to original source...
- B P.A., V E.C.P., K G.H.J., B J.K.M. (2002): A gene-for-gene relationship between wheat and Mycosphaerella graminicola, the Septoria tritici blotch pathogen. Phytopathology, 92: 439-445.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- B J.K.M., A L., C L.S., M J.C., B P.A., M V. (2003): Identifying and evaluating specific resistance genes for use in controlling Septoria tritici blotch. In: K G.H.J., G M., H M. (eds): Global insights into the Septoria and Stagonospora diseases of cereals. Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Septoria/ Stagonospora Diseases of Cereals. Dec. 8-12, 2003, Tunis, Tunisia: 111-112.
- C D.A., S D. (eds) (2002): Farmers, Scientists and Plant Breeding. Integrating Knowledge and Practice. CABI, Wallingford.
- C C., M C.C. (2002a): Aggressiveness of Mycosphaerella graminicola iolates from susceptible and partially resistant wheat cultivars. Phytopathology, 92: 624-630.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- C C., M D B.A., M C.C. (2002b): Frequency of sexual reproduction by Mycosphaerella graminicola on partially resistant wheat cultivars. Phytopathology, 92: 1175-1181.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- C C., H M.E., M C.C. (2000): Specific adaptation by Mycosphaerella graminicola to a resistant wheat cultivar. Plant Pathol., 49: 445-451.
Go to original source...
- C B.M., U P.P. (1999): Taxonomy and identification of Septoria and Stagonospora species on small grains. Annu. Rev. Phytopath., 37: 267-284.
- D T., S J.M., E Z. (1982). The relationships among plant stature, maturity class, and susceptibility to Septoria leaf blotch of wheat. Phytopathology, 72: 1037-1042.
Go to original source...
- D J G.J. (1981): Het beleid ten aanzien van de rassenkeuze bij wintertarwe op het grootlandbouwbedrijf van de Rijksdienst voor de IJsselmeerpolders. In: 50 Jaar onderzoek door de Rijksdienst voor de IJsselmeerpolders. Rijksdienst voor de IJsselmeerpolders: 247-253.
- D W M. (1997): Significance of ABC transporters in fungicide sensitivity and resistance. Pestic. Sci., 51: 271-275.
Go to original source...
- D M., S M.W., T J., B J., P M.A. (1981): Plant strategies of manipulating predator-prey interactions through allelochemicals: Prospects for application in pest control. J. Chem. Ecol., 16: 3091-3118.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- D M. (1996): Plant Characteristics influence Biological Control and Host-plant Resistance Breeding. A Scientific and Literature Review. CTA, Wageningen.
- D M., B H.J., G, R., V F.W., B, J.G., K O. E., K I.P., L L.L.P. (2004): De geur van gewasbescherming: mogelijkheden voor integratie van veredeling en biologische bestrijding. Gewasbescherming, 34: 22-26. (In Dutch: The odor of crop protection: possibilities to integrate plant breeding and biological control.)
- E A.H. (1976): Genetics of host-parasite relationships and uniform and differential resistance. Neth. J. Plant Path., 82: 133-145.
Go to original source...
- E Z., S A.L., H M.D., P J.M. (1985): Global insights into virulence frequencies of Mycosphaerella graminicola. Phytopathology, 75: 1456-1462.
Go to original source...
- F W. (1941): De tarwe en haar milieu. Verslagen Technische Tarwe Commissie, 12: 523-888. (In Dutch: Wheat and its environment.)
- G F., N R.E., B H. (eds) (2002): Durable resistance. Euphytica, 124: 147-264.
Go to original source...
- J T., P J.E. (eds) (1993): Durability of Disease Resistance. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
- J M., J D.G., G E. (1981): Disease progress of non-specialized fungal pathogens in intraspecific mixed stands of cereal cultivars. II. Field experiments. Ann. Appl. Biol., 98: 199-210.
Go to original source...
- J E., T H., R J.S.C., B -V S., D I., E P.J.M., C B.J.C., M L.S. (1995): Synergistic activity of chitinases and β-1,3-glucanases enhances fungal resistance in transgenic tomato plants. Euphytica, 85: 173-180.
Go to original source...
- K S.M., M D J.M., P R.E., W M.S., M D B.A. (1997a): Gene flow and sexual reproduction in the wheat glume blotch pathogen Phaeosphaeria nodorum (anamorph Stagonospora nodorum). Phytopathology, 87: 353-358.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- K S.M., W M.S., M D J.M., M D B.A. (1997b): High genetic similarity among populations of Phaeosphaeria nodorum across wheat cultivars and regions in Switzerland. Phytopathology, 87: 1134-1139.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- K G.H.J., A J.G., S R., S C.H., G M., B J. (1996a): Genetic variation for virulence and resistance in the wheatMycosphaerella graminicola pathosystem. I. Interactions between pathogen isolates and host cultivars. Phytopathology, 86: 200-212.
Go to original source...
- K G.H.J., S R., A J.G., S C.H. (1996b): Genetic variation for virulence and resistance in the wheat-Mycosphaerella graminicola pathosystem. II. Analysis of interactions between pathogen isolates and host cultivars. Phytopathology, 86: 213-220.
Go to original source...
- K G.H.J., V E.C.P., T M., W C. (1996c): Successful crosses and molecular tetrad and progeny analyses demonstrate heterothallism in Mycosphaerella graminicola. Curr. Genet., 30: 251-258.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- K G.H.J., V E.C.P., W G. (2000): Avirulence in the wheat Septoria tritici leaf blotch fungus is controlled by a single locus. Mol. Plant Microbe In., 13: 1375-1579.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- K G.H.J., G S.B., H S., V E.C.P., C J.R., L T.A.J., W, M., B P.J.M., W C. (2002): A combined amplified fragment length polymorphism and randomly amplified polymorphism DNA genetic linkage map of Mycosphaerella graminicola, the Septoria tritici leaf blotch pathogen of wheat. Genetics, 161: 1497-1505.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- K G.H.J., G M., H M. (eds) (2003): Global insights into the Septoria and Stagonospora diseases of cereals. In: Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Septoria/ Stagonospora Diseases of Cereals. Dec. 8-12, 2003, Tunis, Tunisia.
- L C.C., Z J., M D B.A. (2002): Population structure of Mycosphaerella graminicola: from lesions to continents. Phytopahology, 92: 946-955.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- L J.A., B P., A H.M. (1999). Septoria on Cereals: A Study of Pathosystems. CABI, Wallingford.
- M C C.A., B -B A.L., L L. (2002): Inheritance of race-specific resistance to Mycosphaerella graminicola in wheat. Phytopathology, 92: 138-144.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- M D B.A., L C. (2002): Pathogen population genetics, evolutionary potential, and durable resistance. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 40: 349-379.
Go to PubMed...
- M D B.A., M J.P. (1990): DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms among Mycosphaerella graminicola (anamorph Septoria tritici) isolates collected from a single wheat field. Phytopathology, 80: 1368-1373.
Go to original source...
- M D B.A., M J., N L.R., P R.E. (1994). Genetic variability in nuclear DNA in field populations of Stagonospora nodorum. Phytopathology, 84: 250-255.
Go to original source...
- M H.A. (1963): The status of wheat rusts in the U.A.R. (Egypt) in the period 1959-62. Robigo, 11: 13-14.
- M C.C., C C., G K.A. (2002): Relevance of integrated disease management to resistance durability. Euphytica, 124: 245-252.
Go to original source...
- P J.E. (1979): Components of resistance that reduce the rate of epidemic development. Annu. Rev. Phytopath., 17: 203-222.
Go to original source...
- P J.E. (2002): Durability of resistance against fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens; present situation. Euphytica, 124: 147-156.
Go to original source...
- P J.E., Z J.C. (1977): The integrated concept of disease resistance; a new view including horizontal and vertical resistance of plants. Euphytica, 26: 5-21.
Go to original source...
- P A., F S., M L S., B R.M., V L., S M., O J.J., H R., H D. (2000): Routine transformation systems for use with CIMMYT wheat vrieties. In: K M.M., F M. (eds): Application of biotechnologies to wheat breeding. Proc. Conf. La Estanzuela, Uruguay, Nov. 10-20, 1998, Montevideo CIMMYT: 111-120.
- P S., S M.W., P S.R., B F. (2003): Modeling of relationships between weather and Septoria tritici epidemics in winter wheat: a critical approach. Phytopathology, 93: 1329-1339.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- R, R.A. (1976): Plant Pathosystems. Springer, Berlin.
- S D.A., B G.C., U P.P. (2001): Foci of Stagonospora nodorum blotch in winter wheat before canopy development. Phytopathology, 91: 642-647.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- S M.W., R D.J. (1993): Factors determining the severity of epidemics of Mycosphaerella graminicola (Septoria tritici) on winter wheat in the UK. Plant Pathol., 42: 882-899.
Go to original source...
- S W.A., B W.R.J., R A.A., S B.I. (1971): The common Septoria diseases of wheat. Bot. Rev., 37: 231-262.
Go to original source...
- S M.R. (2003): Genetic, environmental and cultural factors influencing the resistance to septoria tritici blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola) in wheat. [Ph.D. Thesis.] Wageningen.
- S I.M., D J., P D.H., L R.A., A S.A. (1988): European Handbook of Plant Diseases. Blackwell, Oxford.
- S R.W., F E., V H., B E.J.W. (1974): The international survey of factors of virulence of Puccinia striiformis Westend. In 1969, 1970 and 1971. Wagenningen, Ned. Graan-Centrum, Technisch Bericht, 21: 1-88.
- USDA (1953): The Yearbook of Agriculture 1953. Plant Diseases. USDA, Washington DC.
- V J.E. (1963): Plant Diseases: Epidemics and Control. Academic Press, New York.
- V L L.C. (1997): Induced resistance in plants and the role of pathogenesis-related proteins. Eur. J. Plant Pathol., 103: 753-765.
- V L L.C., B P.A.H.M., P C.M.J. (1998): Systemic resistance induced by rhizosphere bacteria. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 36: 453-483.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Z J.C. (1972): Modern concepts of disease resistance in cereals. In: L F.G.H. et al. (eds): The way ahead in plant breeding. Proc. 6th EUCARPIA Congr. Cambridge, 1971: 89-98
- Z J.C. (1961): Yellow rust on wheat, studies in epidemiology and physiologic specialization. Tijdschri over Plantenziekten (Eur. J. Plant Pathol.), 67: 69-256.
Go to original source...
- Z J.C. (1984): Disease and pest shifts in modern wheat cltivation. In: G E.J. (ed.): Cereal Production. Bu erworths, London: 237-244.
Go to original source...
- Z J.C. (1985): Following the Feekes trail - the 'Cereal Disease Atlas'. Neth. J. Agric. Sci., 33: 187-193.
Go to original source...
- Z J.C. (2002): Epilogue. A summary with personal bias. Euphytica, 124: 259-264.
Go to original source...
- Z J.C. (2003): Two wheat septorias; two emerging diseases from the past. In: K G.H.J., G M., H M. (eds): Global insights into the Septoria and Stagonospora diseases of cereals. Proc. 6th Int. Symp. Septoria/Stagonospora Diseases of Cereals, Dec. 8-12, 2003, Tunis, Tunisia: 1-12.
- Z J.C., C T.T., K C.F. (1974): A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Res., 14: 415-421.
Go to original source...
- Z J.C., B J.J. (1985): Epidemiology in Europe. In: R A.P., B W.R. (eds): The Cereal Rusts. Vol. II. Academic Press, Orlando: 329-369.
Go to original source...
- Z J.C., W.H. (2000): From pesticides to genetically modified plants: history, economics and politics. Neth. J. Agr. Sci., 48: 125-149.
Go to original source...
- Z J., K G.H.J., M D B.A. (2004): Evidence for a natural selection in the mitochondrial genome of Mycosphaerella graminicola. Phytopathology, 94: 261-267.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Z J., K G.H.J., W C., M D B.A. (2002): Distribution of mating type alleles in the wheat pathogen Mycosphaerelae graminicola over spatial scales from lesions to continents. Fungal Genet. Biol., 36: 128-186.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.