Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2025, 61(2):67-76 | DOI: 10.17221/119/2024-CJGPB

Agronomic and pod traits in relation to pod shattering in cultivated soybeansOriginal Paper

Bingjie Tu1,3, Qingying Zhang2, Xiaobing Liu2,*, Shaopeng Yu1,3, Nan Xu1,3, Jia Liu1,3, Changkai Liu2
1 College of Geography and Tourism, Harbin University, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, P.R. China
2 State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, P.R. China
3 Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province Cold Region Wetland Ecology and Environment Research, Harbin, P.R. China

Pod dehiscence or pod shattering from mature soybean (Glycine max L.) is one of the most outstanding disadvantages in domesticated cultivars. Pod shattering in relation to 16 quantitative traits and 3 qualitative traits among 140 cultivars of vegetable soybeans, grain soybeans and small-grain soybeans was evaluated over two years. We found the pod shattering percentage is positively correlated with the number of productive branches, pod width, pod length, pod area, 100-seed weight, 1-seeded-pod percentage, 2-seeded-pod percentage and seed protein content, but negatively correlated with the plant height, pod height at the bottom, number of nodes on the main stem, 3-seeded-pod percentage, 4-seeded-pod percentage and seed oil content. The pod shattering percentage in vegetable soybeans is remarkably high, reaching up to 93%, 7.8 times higher than that of grain soybeans. A schematic model of the characteristics for shatter-susceptible and shatter-resistant soybean cultivars is proposed. The pod shattering in vegetable soybeans is related to the “umbrella-shaped” architecture and pod size. It is suggested to select lines with more 2-seeded and 3-seeded pods for vegetable soybeans, but a higher seed oil content and greater node number on the main stem for grain soybeans and small-grain soybeans, to avoid pod shattering in future breeding programmes.

Keywords: breeding; dehiscence; plant type; pod level; quantitative traits

Received: September 29, 2024; Revised: January 14, 2025; Accepted: January 16, 2025; Prepublished online: February 3, 2025; Published: April 15, 2025  Show citation

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Tu B, Zhang Q, Liu X, Yu S, Xu N, Liu J, Liu C. Agronomic and pod traits in relation to pod shattering in cultivated soybeans. Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed. 2025;61(2):67-76. doi: 10.17221/119/2024-CJGPB.
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