Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed., 2024, 60(4):181-211 | DOI: 10.17221/57/2024-CJGPB

Quo vadis, breeding for an efficient root system, in the era of climate change?Review

Tomáš Středa ORCID...1, Jana Hajzlerová1, Jhonny Alba-Mejía ORCID...1, Ivana Jovanović ORCID...1, Nicole Frantová ORCID...1, Hana Středová ORCID...2*
1 Department of Crop Science, Breeding and Plant Medicine, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
2 Department of Applied and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic

Despite all the complications that arise with root research, such as slow, laborious, and unclear genetics, roots are a promising object of interest for breeders because many root traits are compatible with high yield potential. It is a great challenge for further research that there is a wide demand for information on the “hidden half of plant metabolism” from many research fields. We have summarized the main obstacles in root system research and sketched a solution for breeding in field conditions so that the result was more meaningful to the farmer. (i) The most important challenge in root research is linking the functional identification of root system properties with the aboveground parts. (ii) Field breeding is irreplaceable, and methods allowing the evaluation of roots under field conditions are indispensable. (iii) Low heritability of root system trait discourages breeders. However, root properties show broad genotypic variability, allowing the efficient use of these traits as selection criteria. (iv) The root traits are variable, and many fluctuate under the influence of environmental factors, which complicates efforts to define ideotypes and explains the different conclusions obtained by researchers from different environments. The breeding programs targeting the root system are sporadic even in a global context. This is a great reserve for breeding progress in the era of climate change, water scarcity, a possible shift to extensive farming systems, and in the era of environmental programs.

Keywords: adaptive measures; carbon sequestration; drought; ideotype; phenotyping; regenerative agriculture

Received: May 24, 2024; Revised: June 19, 2024; Accepted: June 21, 2024; Prepublished online: July 30, 2024; Published: September 16, 2024  Show citation

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Středa T, Hajzlerová J, Alba-Mejía J, Jovanović I, Frantová N, Středová H. Quo vadis, breeding for an efficient root system, in the era of climate change? Czech J. Genet. Plant Breed. 2024;60(4):181-211. doi: 10.17221/57/2024-CJGPB.
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